CHEM-202 TUTORIALS

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#	Chapter: Subject	Chapter
	Chapter 10-11: Structure, Synthesis and Reactions of Alcohols
1	Nomenclature of Alcohols	10
2	Dehydration of an Unbranched Primary Alcohol to an Alkene	10
3	Reaction of a Primary Alcohol with HCl	10
4	Acidity and Electron Delocalization	10
5	Grignard Reagents in Synthesis	10
6	Nomenclature of Alcohols	10
7	Nucleophilic Additions to Carbonyls II	10
8	Summary of Systematic Nomenclature	10
9	Acid-Catalyzed Substitution of a Tertiary Alcohol	11
10	Bromination of a Primary Alcohol with Phosphorus Tribromide	11
11	Chromic Acid Oxidation of a Secondary Alcohol	11
12	Dehydration of a Secondary Alcohol	11
13	Reaction of a Secondary Alcohol with Thionyl Chloride	11
14	Changes in Oxidation State	11
15	Leaving Groups	11
16	Manipulating the Equilibrium	11
	Chapter 13: NMR Spectroscopy
17	Interpretation of NMR spectra	13
18	13C-NMR	13
19	Chemical Shift	13
20	Equivalent Hydrogens	13
21	Hydrogen Deficiency	13
22	Integration	13
23	NMR Database	13
24	Peak Splitting	13
	Chapter 14: Ethers, Epoxides, Thioethers
25	Nucleophilic Additions of alcohols to epoxides	14
26	Halohydrin Reaction	8, 14
27	Ring Opening of Epoxides	14
28	Organometallic Compounds Reaction with epoxides	14
29	Nomenclature of Ethers	14
30	Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of an Ether	14
31	Intermolecular Dehydration of an Alcohol	14
	Chapter 15: Conjugated Systems, Orbital Symmetry, UV Spectroscopy
32	Cycloaddition Reactions	15
33	1,2- and 1,4-Addition to a Conjugated Diene	15
34	Diels-Alder Reaction	15
	Chapter 16: Aromatic compounds
35	Aromaticity	16
36	Aromaticity and Acidity	16
37	Basic Sites in Nitrogen Heterocycles	16
38	Donation of Electrons into a Benzene ring	16
39	Lone-Pair Electrons on Nitrogen	16
40	Molecular Orbital Description - Aromatic or not?	16
41	Recognizing Common Heterocycles	16
	Chapter 17: Reactions of Aromatic compounds
42	Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Definitions and Examples	17
43	Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (continued)	17
44	Intermediates in Electrophilic substitution	17
45	Multistep Synthesis of Disubstituted aromatic compounds	17
46	The Sandmeyer Reaction	17
47	Terms for the Reactions of Substitution	17
48	Multistep Synthesis of Disubstituted benzenes	17
49	Kolbe Carboxylation of Phenol	17
50	Aromatic Nitration	17
51	Claisen Rearrangement	17
52	Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution with Cl	17
53	Friedel-Crafts Acylation	17
54	Friedel-Crafts Alkylation	17
55	Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution	17
	Chapter 18: Ketones and Aldehydes
56	Addition to Carbonyl Compounds	18
57	a-Halogenated Carbonyl Compounds	18
58	Halohydrin Reaction	18
59	Imine and Oxime Reactions in Synthesis	18
60	Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones	18
61	Wolff-Kishner Reaction in Syntesis	18
62	Wittig Reaction Synthesis	18
63	Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones	18
64	Acid-Catalyzed Alpha Halogenation of a Ketone	18
65	Acid-Catalyzed Formation of a Hemiacetal	18
66	Acid-Catalyzed Formation of an Acetal	18
67	Base-Promoted Alpha Halogenation of a Ketone	18
68	Formation of a Cyanohydrin	18
69	Formation of a Cyclic Hemiacetal	18
70	Formation of an Imine	18
71	Reduction of a Ketone by Sodium Borohydride	18
72	Wittig Reaction	18
73	Wolff-Kishner Reduction	18
74	Acid-Catalyzed Alpha Halogenation of a Ketone
	Chapter 19: Amines
75	Hofmann Elimination Reaction	19
76	Synthesis of Amines	19
77	Hofmann Reaction	19
78	Nitrosyl Cation Reaction with an Amine	19
79	Reaction of a Primary Amine with Nitrous Acid	19
	Chapter 20, 21: Carboxylic Acids and their derivatives
80	Conversions Between Carboxylic Acid Derivatives	21
81	Common Terms of Carboxylic Acid derivatives (1)	20
82	Common Terms of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives (2)	20
83	Mechanism Basic Hydrolysis of amides	21
84	Mechanism of Fischer Esterification	21
85	Fischer Esterification	21
86	Formation of a Methyl Ester with Diazomethane	21
87	Reaction of a Carboxylic Acid with Thionyl Chloride	21
88	Decarboxylation of a Beta-dicarboxylic Acid	21
89	Decarboxylation of a Beta-Ketocarboxylic Acid	21
90	Reductions	21
91	Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids	20
92	Acid Anhydride Hydrolysis	21
93	Acid Chloride Hydrolysis	21
94	Acid Hydrolysis of a Tert-Butyl Ester	21
95	Acid Hydrolysis of an Amide	21
96	Base Hydrolysis of a Nitrile	21
97	Base Hydrolysis of an Amide	21
98	Ester Hydrolysis in Aqueous Base	21
99	Reaction of a Grignard Reagent with an Ester	21
100	Reduction of an Amide by LAH	21
101	Reduction of an Ester by Lithiumaluminumhydride	21
	Chapter 22: Condensations and alpha substitutions of carbonyl compounds
102	α-Proton Acidity, Enolates and Enols Formation and Reactivity	22
103	Aldol Reactions Synthesis	22
104	Enolate reactions (Video 1 enolization)	22
105	Enolate reactions (Video 2 - alkylations)	22
106	Enolate reactions (Video 3 – condensations)	22
107	Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis	22
108	Claisen Reactions Synthesis	22
109	Claisen Condensation	22
110	Common Terms for Reactions at alpha carbon	22
111	Hints in Retrosynthetic Analysis in condensations	22
112	Malonic Ester Synthesis	22
113	Robinson Annulation Synthesis	22
114	Retrosynthesis	22
115	Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Reaction	22
116	Base-Catalyzed Aldol Reaction	22
117	Claisen Condensation	22
118	Dieckmann Condensation	22
119	Michael Reaction	22
	Chapter 23-24: Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, Amino Acids, Peptides
117	Common Terms of Carbohydrates	23
118	Fischer Projections	23
119	Haworth Projections	23
120	D and L Notation	23
121	Electrophoresis and Isoelectric point	24
122	Identifying Glycosidic Linkage	23
123	Translation in mRNA	23