Data Analysis Through Modeling:
Thinking and Writing in Context
Kris Green and Allen Emerson
Fall 2014 Edition
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©
2014 Kris H. Green
About this text
How this text fits into the curriculum
The Technology Used in this Text
The Structure of the Book
Homework Problems
Reading Complex Texts
Entering Student Profile
Exiting Student Profile
Mechanics and Techniques
Application and Reasoning
Communication and Professionalism
Some Words About Level of Difficulty
Some Words About Plagiarism and Working Together
Copyright Notice
Chapter Details
Dedication and Acknowledgements
Contents
I
Quantifying the World
Thinking of the world as data
Key Thinking Strategy: Thinking of the world as data.
1
Problem Solving By Asking Questions
1.1
Why Data?
1.1.1
Definitions and Formulas
1.1.2
Worked Examples
1.1.3
Exploration 1A: Assumptions get in the way
1.2
Defining the Problem
1.2.1
Definitions and Formulas
1.2.2
Worked Examples
1.2.3
Exploration 1B: Beef N’ Buns Service
1.3
Homework
Mechanics and Techniques Problems
Application and Reasoning Problems
1.4
Memo Problem: Carnivorous Cruise Lines
2
The Role of Data
2.1
Extracting Data from the Problem Situation
2.1.1
Definitions and Formulas
2.1.2
Worked Examples
2.1.3
Exploration 2A: Extracting Data at Beef n’ Buns
2.2
Organizing data for Future Analysis
2.2.1
Definitions and Formulas
2.2.2
Worked Examples
2.2.3
Exploration 2B: Entering Beef n’ Buns Data into a Spreadsheet
2.3
Homework
Mechanics and Techniques Problems
Application and Reasoning Problems
2.4
Memo Problem: Carnivorous Cruise Lines, Part 2
3
Using Models to Interpret Data
3.1
The Mean As A Model
3.1.1
Definitions and Formulas
3.1.2
Worked Examples
3.1.3
Exploration 3A: Wait Times at Beef n’ Buns
3.2
Categorical Data and Means
3.2.1
Definitions and Formulas
3.2.2
Worked Examples
3.2.3
Exploration 3B: Gender Discrimination Analysis with Pivot Tables
3.3
Homework
Mechanics and Techniques Problems
Application and Reasoning Problems
3.4
Memo Problem: Carnivorous Cruise Lines, Part 3
II
Analyzing Data Through Spatial Models
Key Thinking Strategy: Asking Questions
4
Box Plots
4.1
What Does ”Typical” Mean?
4.1.1
Definitions and Formulas
4.1.2
Worked Examples
4.1.3
Exploration 4A: Koduck Salary Increases
4.2
Thinking inside the box
4.2.1
Definitions and Formulas
4.2.2
Worked Examples
4.2.3
Exploration 4B: Relationships Among Data, Statistics, and Boxplots
4.3
Homework
Mechanics and Techniques Problems
Application and Reasoning Problems
4.4
Memo Problem: Matching Managers to a Company
Follow-up Memo Problem
5
Histograms
5.1
Getting the Data to Fit a Common Ruler
5.1.1
Definitions and Formulas
5.1.2
Worked Examples
5.1.3
Exploration 5A: Cool Toys for Tots
5.2
Profiling Your Data
5.2.1
Definitions and Formulas
5.2.2
Worked Examples
5.2.3
Exploration 5B: Beef n’ Buns Service Times
5.3
Homework
Mechanics and Techniques Problems
Application and Reasoning Problems
5.4
Memo Problem: Service at Beef n’ Buns
6
Interpreting Spatial Models
6.1
Estimating Stats from Frequency Data
6.1.1
Definitions and Formulas
6.1.2
Worked Examples
6.1.3
Exploration 6A: Data Summaries and Sensitivity
6.2
Two Perspectives are Better than One
6.2.1
Definitions and Formulas
6.2.2
Worked Examples
6.2.3
Exploration 6B: Stock Investment Decisions
6.3
Homework
Mechanics and Techniques Problems
Application and Reasoning Problems
6.4
Memo Problem: Portfolio Analysis
III
Analyzing Data Through Linear Models
7
Correlation
7.1
Picturing Two Variable Relationships
7.1.1
Definitions and Formulas
7.1.2
Worked Examples
7.1.3
Exploration 7A: Predicting the Price of a Home
7.2
Fitting a Line to Data
7.2.1
Definitions and Formulas
7.2.2
Worked Examples
7.2.3
Exploration 7B: Adding Trendlines
7.3
Homework
Mechanics and Techniques Problems
Application and Reasoning Problems
7.4
Memo Problem: Truck Maintenance Analysis
8
Simple Regression
8.1
Modeling with Proportional Reasoning in Two Dimensions
8.1.1
Definitions and Formulas
8.1.2
Worked Examples
8.1.3
Exploration 8A: Regression Modeling Practice
8.2
Using and Comparing the Usefulness of a Proportional Model
8.2.1
Definitions and Formulas
8.2.2
Worked Examples
8.2.3
Exploration 8B: How Outliers Influence Regression
8.3
Homework
Mechanics and Techniques Problems
Application and Reasoning Problems
8.4
Memo Problem: Commuter Rail Analysis
9
Multiple Regression Models
9.1
Modeling with Proportional Reasoning in Many Dimensions
9.1.1
Definitions and Formulas
9.1.2
Worked Examples
9.1.3
Exploration 9A: Production Line Data
9.2
Modeling with Qualitative Variables
9.2.1
Definitions and Formulas
9.2.2
Worked Examples
9.2.3
Exploration 9B: Maintenance Cost for Trucks
9.3
Homework
Mechanics and Techniques Problems
Application and Reasoning Problems
9.4
Memo Problem: Gender Discrimination
10
Is the Model Any Good
10.1
Which coefficients are trustworthy?
10.1.1
Definitions and Formulas
10.1.2
Worked Examples
10.1.3
Exploration 10A: Building a Trustworthy Model at EnPact
10.2
More Complexity with Interaction Terms
10.2.1
Definitions and Formulas
10.2.2
Worked Examples
10.2.3
Exploration 10B: Complex Gender Interactions at EnPact
10.3
Homework
Mechanics and Techniques Problems
Application and Reasoning Problems
10.4
Memo Problem: Truck Maintenance Expenses, Part 2
IV
Analyzing Data with Nonlinear Models
11
Nonlinear Models Through Graphs
11.1
What if the Data is Not Proportional
11.1.1
Definitions and Formulas
11.1.2
Worked Examples
11.1.3
Exploration 11A: Non-proportional data
11.2
Transformations of Graphs
11.2.1
Definitions and Formulas
11.2.2
Worked Examples
11.2.3
Exploration 11B: Shifting and Scaling the Basic Models
11.3
Homework
Mechanics and Techniques Problems
Application and Reasoning Problems
11.4
Memo Problem: DataCon Contract
12
Modeling with Nonlinear Data
12.1
Non-proportional Regression Models
12.1.1
Definitions and Formulas
12.1.2
Worked Examples
12.1.3
Exploration 12A: Learning and Production at Presario
12.2
Interpreting a Non-proportional Model
12.2.1
Definitions and Formulas
12.2.2
Worked Examples
12.2.3
Exploration 12B: What it means to be linear
12.3
Homework
Mechanics and Techniques Problems
Application and Reasoning Problems
12.4
Memo Problem: Insurance Costs
13
Multivariate Nonlinear Models
13.1
Models with Numerical Interaction Terms
13.1.1
Definitions and Formulas
13.1.2
Worked Examples
13.1.3
Exploration 13A: Revenue and Demand Functions
13.2
Interpreting Quadratic Models in Several Variables
13.2.1
Definitions and Formulas
13.2.2
Worked Examples
13.2.3
Exploration 13B: Exploring Quadratic Models
13.3
Homework
Mechanics and Techniques Problems
Application and Reasoning Problems
13.4
Memo Problem: Revenue Projections
V
Analyzing Data Using Calculus Models
14
Optimization
14.1
Calculus with Powers and Polynomials
14.1.1
Definitions and Formulas
14.1.2
Worked Examples
14.1.3
Exploration 14A: Finding the Derivative of a General Power Function
14.2
Extreme Calculus!
14.2.1
Definitions and Formulas
14.2.2
Worked Examples
14.2.3
Exploration 14B: Simple Regression Formulas
14.3
Homework
Mechanics and Techniques Problems
Application and Reasoning Problems
14.4
Memo Problem: Profit Analysis
15
Logarithmic and Exponential Models
15.1
Logarithms and their derivatives
15.1.1
Definitions and Formulas
15.1.2
Worked Examples
15.1.3
Exploration 15A: Logs and distributions of data
15.2
Compound interest and derivatives of exponentials
15.2.1
Definitions and Formulas
15.2.2
Worked Examples
15.2.3
Exploration 15B: Loan Amortization
15.3
Homework
Mechanics and Techniques Problems
Application and Reasoning Problems
15.4
Memo Problem: Loan Analysis
16
Optimization in Several Variables
16.1
Constraints on Optimization
16.1.1
Definitions and Formulas
16.1.2
Worked Examples
16.1.3
Exploration 16A: Setting up Optimization Problems
16.2
Using Solver Table
16.2.1
Definitions and Formulas
16.2.2
Worked Examples
16.2.3
Exploration 16B: Sensitivity Analysis
16.3
Homework
Mechanics and Techniques Problems
Application and Reasoning Problems
16.4
Memo Problem: Advertising Costs
17
Area Under a Curve
17.1
Calculating the Area under a Curve
17.1.1
Definitions and Formulas
17.1.2
Worked Examples
17.1.3
Exploration 17A: Numerical Integration
17.2
Applications of the Definite Integral
17.2.1
Definitions and Formulas
17.2.2
Worked Examples
17.2.3
Exploration 17B: Consumers’ and Producers’ Surplus at Market Equilibrium
17.3
Homework
Mechanics and Techniques Problems
Application and Reasoning Problems
17.4
Memo Problem: Pricing Dispute
VI
Appendices
A
Professional Writing
B
Sample Rubric for Evaluating Memo 7
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